LA GRAMMAIRE FRANÇAISE
Here are some of the essential items of French Grammar so that you have a resource for the courses we offer at NAHS, the French AP exam and French IB HL.
This is a NEW part of my French website here and is a work in progress!
I want it to work for YOU, my students - so please, feel free to give me feedback on how it is working for you, what you would like to see here etc.
Bien Dit 3 - c'est notre livre de texte pour l'année! ☺
Fr3 & Fr3H: WELCOME! This is a great course!
Through the school year we will go through ALL the essential items of French Grammar so that students are well prepared for the rigors of the French AP exam and French IB HL.
Vocabulary is taught thematically and we will also visit various aspects of Francophone culture
Georgia State Standards for language learning Level 3:
/uploads/5/7/5/2/57526359/ga_standards_for_french_level_iii.docx
/uploads/5/7/5/2/57526359/ga_standards_french_level_iii.docx
LA GRAMMAIRE FRANÇAISE
Here are some of the essential items of French Grammar so that you have a resource for the courses we offer at NAHS, the French AP exam and French IB HL.
LA GRAMMAIRE FRANÇAISE
Here are some of the essential items of French Grammar so that you have a resource for the courses we offer at NAHS, the French AP exam and French IB HL.
This is a NEW part of my French website here and is a work in progress!
I want it to work for YOU, my students - so please, feel free to give me feedback on how it is working for you, what you would like to see here etc.
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LES VERBES
INFINITIVE
- What is the INFINITIVE? - the Infinitive is the form of a verb that does not have a specific ending, that is not related to a specific SUBJECT and it means TO _
- When we learn VERBS as vocabulary, we learn them in their INFINITIVE form
- We ONLY use verbs in their INFINITIVE form in certain specific situations (often very similar to English) and these have to be learned carefully
Nous aimons danser = we like to dance)
CONJUGATION
- What is CONJUGATION? - Conjugation is a just a fancy term used to describe the specific FORM of a verb that must be used with a specific SUBJECT.
- ALL verbs in English and in French conjugate, otherwise they do not make sense! We do not say Peter ARE eating, we say Peter IS eating because IS is the correct form of the verb TO BE conjugated in its correct form for the subject, Peter.
- The same thing happens in French! = Pierre mange
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
- what are Subject Pronouns? - We should know that Pronouns replace nouns and a Subject pronoun is the word that replaces a noun as the subject of a verb
***IMPORTANT***
- There are SIX different CONJUGATIONS of verbs that match up with the groupings of SUBJECT PRONOUNS.
- ALL verbs are conjugated in this order 1- 6
- NOTE that ON/IL/ELLE are grouped together in #3 and TAKE THE SAME VERB FORM and ILS/ELLES are grouped together in #6 and TAKE THE SAME VERB FORM
- the word "ON" doesn't really have a modern English translation but is VERY common in French! We would translate it as "people / they / you (generic) / we (generic)" as opposed to the more flowery "one" like the Queen of England!
- NOTICE that IL & ELLE as well as meaning HE & SHE respectively, can ALSO mean IT - remember, ALL nouns in French are either masculine or feminine:
- NOTICE that ILS & ELLES mean THEY referring not only to PEOPLE but also to THINGS - remember, ALL nouns in French are either masculine or feminine: However, if there is a mixture of genders, the subject will be ILS and ONLY if there are SOLELY female genders will the subject be ELLES:
FRENCH SUBJECT PRONOUNS:
1. JE (J') = I
2. TU = You (singular, familiar)
ON = One (people in general, we, you...)
3. IL = He / It
ELLE = She / It
4. NOUS = We
5. VOUS = You (singular formal & y'all - plural informal)
6. ILS = They (masculine plural / mixed gender)
ELLES = They (feminine plural)
- Subject pronouns: subject_pronouns_in_french.pptx
PRESENT TENSE of REGULAR VERBS
The PRESENT TENSE is the TOUGHEST TENSE to learn! WHY? Because there are so many weird and wonderful rules and exceptions to the rules!
- There are THREE categories of REGULAR VERBS in French.
- You can recognize them by the last 2 letters (ENDING)
- These 3 categories are -ER, -IR and -RE verbs
- the -ER category is by far the largest category, followed by -IR and the smallest category is -RE
- ALL REGULAR VERBS will follow the SAME pattern of ending, which makes them easier to learn!
ENDINGS of REGULAR VERBS in PRESENT TENSE:
-ER verbs -IR verbs -RE verbs
Je -E -IS -S
Tu -ES -IS -S
On
Il -E -IT - _
Elle
Nous -ONS -ISSONS -ONS
Vous -EZ -ISSEZ -EZ
Ils -ENT -ISSENT -ENT
Elles
- to CONJUGATE a REGULAR verb, start with the INFINITIVE
- remove the -ER, -IR or -RE ending
- this will leave you with the STEM
- then decide which SUBJECT PRONOUN you require (1-6)
- find the correct ENDING based on the correct SUBJECT PRONOUN
- add that ending to the STEM
- You have now conjugated the verb correctly!
Example: Mes amis et moi ____________________________________(TRAVAILLER) = to work)
- TRAVAILLER is an -ER verb, because the last two letters (ENDING) are -ER, TRAVAILLER
- Remove the -ER ending from the INFINITIVE TRAVAILL-ER to leave the STEM, TRAVAILL
- MES AMIS ET MOI = my friends and I which corresponds to NOUS (= WE) - SUBJECT PRONOUN #4
- therefore, the ENDING we require for SUBJECT PRONOUN #4 for -ER verbs NOUS = -ONS
- we now add the -ONS ENDING to the STEM TRAVAILL to form the conjugation: TRAVAILLONS
ANSWER = Mes amis et moi TRAVAILLONS = my friends and I work
Example: Mes parents ____________________________________(FINIR) = to finish) le repas
- FINIR is an -IR verb, because the last two letters (ENDING) are -IR, FINIR
- Remove the -IR ending from the INFINITIVE FIN-IR to leave the STEM, FIN
- MES PARENTS = my parents which corresponds to ILS (= THEY) - SUBJECT PRONOUN #6
- therefore, the ENDING we require for SUBJECT PRONOUN #6 for -IR verbs ILS = -ISSENT
- we now add the -ISSENT ENDING to the STEM FIN to form the conjugation: FINISSENT
ANSWER = Mes parents FINISSENT le repas = my parents finish the meal
Example: Jean-Claude ____________________________________(VENDRE) = to sell) la voiture
- VENDRE is an -RE verb, because the last two letters (ENDING) are -RE, VENDRE
- Remove the -RE ending from the INFINITIVE VEND-RE to leave the STEM, VEND
- Jean-Claude = Jean-Claude which corresponds to IL (= HE) - SUBJECT PRONOUN #3
- therefore, the ENDING we require for SUBJECT PRONOUN #3 for -RE verbs IL = -__
- we now add the -__ ENDING to the STEM VEND to form the conjugation: VEND___
ANSWER = Jean-Claude VEND__ la voiture = Jean-Claude sells the car
Regular Verbs:
-ER verbs :
-erverbs.ppt
ch3er_verbs__2_.ppt
-IR verbs:
les_verbes_ir.pptx
-RE verbs:
les_verbes_re.ppt
***GO PRACTICE -ER verbs WITH CONJUGUEMOS***
conjuguemos.com/verb/18
***GO PRACTICE -IR verbs WITH CONJUGUEMOS***
https://conjuguemos.com/verb/19
***GO PRACTICE -RE verbs WITH CONJUGUEMOS***
conjuguemos.com/verb/20
***GO PRACTICE ALL REGULAR PRESENT TENSE VERBS WITH CONJUGUEMOS***
conjuguemos.com/verb/21
*** WATCH OUT FOR VERBS ENDING -GER & -CER ***
- although these types -GER and -CER are NOT IRREGULAR verbs, they do slightly ODD things in the NOUS FORMS of the conjugation ONLY
- An example a of -GER verb is MANGER (= to eat) and a -CER verb is LANCER (= to throw)
- in -GER verbs, the NOUS form adds an E to soften the G before the ONS ending
- in -CER verbs, the NOUS forms changes the C to a Ç before the ONS ending
- NOTE how their NOUS forms are MANGEONS and LANÇONS
- these odd things are simply for SOUND and SPELLING
- ALL other forms of their conjugation remain REGULAR
-GER verbs -CER verbs
Example: MANGER (= to eat) LANCER (= to throw)
Je MANGE LANCE
Tu MANGES LANCES
On
Il MANGE LANCE
Elle
*Nous *MANGEONS *LANÇONS
Vous MANGEZ LANCEZ
Ils MANGENT LANCENT
Elles
- other verbs to follow the -GER pattern are: DÉGAGER (= to release), (SE) DIRIGER (= to direct, go towards), ENCOURAGER (= to encourage), NAGER (= to swim), PARTAGER (= to share)
- other verbs to follow the -CER pattern are: AVANCER (= to advance), AGACER (= to annoy), COMMENCER (= to begin), MENACER (= to threaten)
***DOUBLE CONSONANT VERBS***
- these verbs are NOT irregular
- they DOUBLE THE CONSONANT before the silent endings in ALL verb forms (except NOUS and VOUS forms (and INFINITIVE) whose endings are not silent!)
- NOTE: the verb endings are perfectly REGULAR, it is just the STEM that changes for SOUND purposes
LL type verbs TT type verbs
Example: APPELER (= to call) JETER (= to throw)
J' APPELLE JETTE
Tu APPELLES JETTES
On
Il APPELLE JETTE
Elle
Nous APPELONS JETONS
Vous APPELEZ JETEZ
Ils APPELLENT JETTENT
Elles
***Verbs taking (è) before silent endings***
- these verbs are NOT irregular
- they ADD (è) before the silent endings in ALL verb forms (except NOUS and VOUS forms (and INFINITIVE) whose endings are not silent!)
- NOTE: the verb endings are perfectly REGULAR, it is just the accent that changes for SOUND purposes
Example: ACHETER MENER LEVER ESPÉRER CÉDER RÉPÉTER PRÉFÉRER
= to buy = to lead = to raise = to hope = to yield = to repeat = to prefer
Je/J' ACHÈTE MÈNE LÈVE ESPÈRE CÈDE RÉPÈTE PRÉFÈRE
Tu ACHÈTES MÈNES LÈVES ESPÈRES CÈDES RÉPÈTES PRÉFÈRES
On
Il ACHÈTE MÈNE LÈVE ESPÈRE CÈDE RÉPÈTE PRÉFÈRE
Elle
Nous ACHETONS MENONS LEVONS ESPÉRONS CÉDONS RÉPÉTONS PRÉFÉRONS
Vous ACHETEZ MENEZ LEVEZ ESPÉREZ CÉDEZ RÉPÉTEZ PRÉFÉREZ
Ils ACHÈTENT MÈNENT LÈVENT ESPÈRENT CÈDENT RÉPÈTENT PRÉFÈRENT
Elles
- Similar verbs: GELER (= to freeze), RÉGNER (= to reign), PÉNÉTRER (= to enter/penetrate)
***-UYER & -OYER verbs***
- the Y becomes I in ALL forms EXCEPT NOUS & VOUS
Example: ESSUYER NETTOYER
= to wipe = to clean
Je/J' ESSUIE NETTOIE
Tu ESSUIES NETTOIES
On
Il ESSUIE NETTOIE
Elle
Nous ESSUYONS NETTOYONS
Vous ESSUYEZ NETTOYEZ
Ils ESSUIENT NETTOIENT
Elles
- Similar verbs: EMPLOYER (= to use), ENNUYER (= to bore), ENVOYER (= to send)
***-AYER verbs***
- This is a WEIRD rule!
- the change from Y to I in ALL forms EXCEPT NOUS & VOUS is OPTIONAL!!
Example: ESSAYER PAYER
= to try = to pay
Je/J' ESSAYE or ESSAIE PAYE or PAIE
Tu ESSAYES or ESSAIES PAYES or PAIES
On
Il ESSAYE or ESSAIE PAYE or PAIE
Elle
Nous ESSAYONS PAYONS
Vous ESSAYEZ PAYEZ
Ils ESSAYENT or ESSAIENT PAYENT or PAIENT
Elles
PRESENT TENSE of IRREGULAR VERBS
- Unfortunately, many of the most common verbs we wish to use are IRREGULAR
- this means they do NOT follow any of the rules we have learned above!
- They have to be learned individually
- there are very few patterns to help us learn them
- Fortunately, because we use these verbs so often we are just going to learn them by sheer frequency of use!
Cheesy songs to help us learn these tough verbs:
AVOIR: www.youtube.com/watch?v=puUFkMr_GyU
ALLER: www.youtube.com/watch?v=raH-P1jMS7Y
ÊTRE: www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxYaUXcH-Uo
FAIRE: www.youtube.com/watch?v=AFbkJROUOWQ
The most common Irregular verbs:
avoir.pptx
le_verbe_aller____to_go_.pptx
le_verbe_Être___to_be.pptx
le_verbe_faire.pptx
boire_devoir_recevoir.ppt
le_verbe_acheter___to_buy.pptx
le_verbe_appeler___to_call.pptx
le_verbe_conduire___to_drive.pptx
le_verbe_croire.pptx
le_verbe_devoir___to_have_to.pptx
le_verbe_dire___to_say.pptx
le_verbe_dormir___to_sleep.pptx
le_verbe_écrire___to_write.pptx
le_verbe_essayer.pptx
le_verbe_lever___to_raise.pptx
le_verbe_lire___to_read.pptx
le_verbe_mettre.pptx
le_verbe_partir.pptx
le_verbe_payer.pptx
le_verbe_prendre___to_take__to.pptx
le_verbe_pouvoir.pptx
le_verbe_servir___to_serve.pptx
le_verbe_sortir.pptx
le_verbe_venir.pptx
le_verbe_vouloir.pptx
le_verbe_voir.pptx
s’asseoir___to_sit_down.pptx
les_verbes_coire___paraitre.pptx
souffrir___ouvrir.pptx
sortir_partir_dormir_servir.pptx
savoir___et___connaÎtre.pptx
falloir_pleuvoir_valoir_weird_verbs.pptx
le_verbe_offrir.pptx
le_verbe_ouvrir.pptx
le_verbe_suivre.pptx
le_verbe_tenir.pptx
le_verbe_vivre.pptx
Here are some cheesy songs to help us learn these tough verbs:
AVOIR: www.youtube.com/watch?v=puUFkMr_GyU
ALLER: www.youtube.com/watch?v=raH-P1jMS7Y
ÊTRE: www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxYaUXcH-Uo
FAIRE: www.youtube.com/watch?v=AFbkJROUOWQ
There are SOME patterns that help us learn these irregular verbs!
1. For some verbs ending -RE, we remove the -RE ending and add:
-s, -s, -t, -ons, -ez, -ent
Verbs in this category:
conclure (= to conlude), exclure (= to exclude), inclure (= to include), rire (= to laugh), sourire (= to smile).
****DEPUIS + PRESENT TENSE (= since/for)
depuis.pptx
****AVOIR L'AIR DE..., AVOIR ENVIE DE..., TU FERAIS MIEUX DE..., JE L'AI RENCONTRÉ(E)...****
fr3_1a_avoir_l’air_de_and_avoir_envie_de.pptx
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LE PASSÉ COMPOSÉ
- As its name would suggest, LE PASSÉ COMPOSÉ is a COMPOSITE tense
- this means it is made up of TWO components: the AUXILIARY VERB (conjugated into the correct form) + the PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb required
- The Passé Composé exists in English and is formed in the same way as French: a conjugated form of the PRESENT TENSE of the AUXILIARY VERB (in English the verb TO HAVE) + the PAST PARTICIPLE of the required verb:
- many students of French freak out over the Passé Composé because there are TWO AUXILIARY VERBS AVOIR + ÊTRE and it can be confusing about which one to use when and when it is necessary to make the PAST PARTICIPLE agree...
- Most teachers start out with the AVOIR verbs and move on to the ÊTRE VERBS, however, I often think this generates more confusion than is necessary....
TRANSITIVE vs. INTRANSITIVE
- if you can understand the difference between a TRANSITIVE and an INTRANSITIVE VERB, you will be on the way to success with the Passé Composé!
- TRANSITIVE VERBS take a DIRECT OBJECT
Example: WE EAT THE PIZZA
- identify the VERB - what is the ACTION WORD? Here it is EAT
- identify WHO or WHAT is DOING THE ACTION of the verb. Here WE are doing the eating, therefore WE is the SUBJECT
- identify WHO or WHAT is having the action of the verb done to it/them. Here the PIZZA is being eaten, therefore THE PIZZA is the DIRECT OBJECT
- because the verb TO EAT can take a DIRECT OBJECT - in other words, you can EAT something (or someone!?) - the verb TO EAT is TRANSITIVE.
- which of the following verbs is NOT TRANSITIVE - to write, to do, to run, to swim, to arrive, to cook ?
- YOU ARE CORRECT!!
- the verb TO ARRIVE is NOT TRANSITIVE! You cannot ARRIVE something or someone! The verb TO ARRIVE is INTRANSITIVE
- INTRANSITIVE VERBS CANNOT take a DIRECT OBJECT
- In French, in the Passé Composé, TRANSITIVE VERBS take AVOIR as their AUXILIARY VERB and INTRANSITIVE VERBS take ÊTRE as their AUXILIARY VERB
- Some students try to learn all kinds of complicated and confusing rules like DR & MRS VAN DER TRAMP to try and remember which verbs take ÊTRE... it's easy to forget which verbs those letters refer to, but then some of those verbs can take AVOIR anyway and it all gets very confusing!
- Think about TRANSITIVE vs. INTRANSITIVE and it will really help you!
Example: ALLER means TO GO - can you GO something or someone?
No! So ALLER MUST be INTRANSITIVE and therefore take ÊTRE!
It isn't always so cut and dried! Some verbs in English may seem to be TRANSITIVE but in French are INTRANSITIVE... the verb ENTRER for example... in French it is always followed by DANS because it is INTRANSITIVE and MUST take ÊTRE but in English you might not think so!
Some verbs can also change whether or not they are being used TRANSITIVELY or INTRANSITIVELY depending on the context in which they are being used.
Example: the verb SORTIR means TO GO OUT (usually) so if you wanted to say:
"Last night my sister went out with her friends" you would be using SORTIR in its usual INTRANSITIVE context and say:
"Hier soir, ma sœur EST SORTIE avec ses amis" (takes ÊTRE and the Past Participle MUST agree in number & gender with the feminine singular subject)
However, SORTIR can also be used TRANSITIVELY to mean TO TAKE SOMETHING OUT, so if you wanted to say:
"Last night my sister took the car out of the garage" the verb SORTIR now has a DIRECT OBJECT, is being used TRANSITIVELY and now takes AVOIR as its AUXILIARY VERB:
"Hier soir, ma sœur A SORTI la voiture du garage."
I am a HUGE fan of poetry, particularly French poetry! You will find I use authentic French poems and song lyrics to illustrate a particular grammar point.
To help contextualize the Passé Composé, I chose a poem by Jacques Prévert called Déjeuner du Matin:
jacques_prevert.pptx
www.youtube.com/watch?v=MalR-e4IgAs
www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_FpZxao-Ng
www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm1jdP-I4y4
PASSÉ COMPOSÉ
le_passé_composé.ppt
passecompose.ppt
les_participes_passés.pptx
le_passé_composé_help_chart.pptx
les_participes_passés_irréguliers.ppt
ch10poeme_passe_compose.doc
ch10passe_compose_review.doc
ch10le_passe_compose.ppt
pc_irreg_past_participles.docx
Irregular Past Participles separated into "families":
les_familles_des_participes_passés_irréguliers.pptx
AVOIR or ÊTRE? Transitive or Intransitive?
MONTER, DESCENDRE, SORTIR, PASSER, RENTRER, RETOURNER, ENTRER can be used either transitively or intransitively and can therefore take either AVOIR or ÊTRE depending on the context:
avoir_ou_etre.pptx
Practice makes perfect! Try this out - don't cheat!
Any verb you are not 100% sure of,
go to www.conjuguemos.com ( conjuguemos.com/verb/12 )
to practice until you know ALL 40 verbs perfectly!!
pratique_passé_composé.pptx
IMPARFAIT
l’imparfait.ppt
IMPARFAIT ENDINGS - CHEESY ÉTIENNE SONG!! - AIS, -AIS, -AIT, -IONS, -IEZ, -AIENT
www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJAq0n6NEkk
PASSÉ COMPOSÉ & IMPARFAIT
This is a TOUGH grammar point! It requires LOTS of thought and hardwork and LOTS of practice!
dr_cat_in_french.docx
pc_vs_imparfait.pdf
passé_composé_ou_imparfait_worksheet.docx
passé_composé_ou_imparfait.docx
pc_vs_imp_practice.doc
pc_ou_imp_worksheet.docx
PRACTICE - PC vs. IMP
Use these (together with attached answers, color coded by tense) to try and master PC vs IMP (remember to use DR CAT!)
more_pc_vs_imp_practice.docx
pc_vs_imp_practice.doc
superman.pc_vs_imp.doc
superman.docx
pc_ou_imp.pptx
choosing_french_verb_tenses.docx
p_or_i.pptx
pc_ou_imp.pptx
PRACTICE PC vs IMP: Go to this online game and play!
www.emcp.com/teb/level3/Unit01/LessonB/L3U1LBStructure5_Adv_Imperfectpc/Publish/Mobile_Publish/L3U1LBStructure5_Adv_Imperfectpc.html
PRACTICE: You can go to this link and do the practice questions, it will grade it for you too! Bonne Chance!
www.emcp.com/teb/level3/pre-tests/teb3_pre-test_unit1b.htm
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REFLEXIVE VERBS, BODY PARTS & DAILY ROUTINE
Les parties du Corps (= Body Parts)
fr_body_parts.pptx
Cheesy songs to help us learn body parts:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=bChrAwLzoSo
www.youtube.com/watch?v=0CKMaRwicSg#t=72.500583
www.youtube.com/watch?v=KVhfIgghOPw
tchic_et_tchac_han_han....mp3
lyrics_to_tchic_et_tchac.docx
Reflexive Verbs:
Remember, you must always have the correct REFLEXIVE PRONOUN (based on which subject you're using)
with the correct verb form:
Je ME
Tu TE
Il
Elle SE
On
Nous NOUS
Vous VOUS
Ils/Elles SE
reflexive_verbs__2_.ppt
fr_reflexive_vocab.docx
Daily Routine:
daily_routine_objects.ppt
dora_daily_routine.ppt
la_routine_quotidienne.docx
You might want to refer to this PowerPoint to help you organize your thoughts, conjugate those pesky Reflexive Verbs in both Present and Passé Composé tenses:
qu’est-ce_que_tu_as_fait_ce_matin.pptx
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FUTURE TENSE
- This is a relatively easy tense to form:
- Start with the INFINITIVE as stem (except for -RE verbs which drop the -E first),
- Add endings: -AI, -AS, -A, -ONS, -EZ, -ONT
- There are, of course, quite a few irregular Future Tense stems!!
future_tense_practice.pdf
le_futur_pratique.pptx
- Of course, there is a cheesy song to help us memorize the Future tense endings and some of the irregular verb stems:
CONDITIONAL TENSE
- This is a VERY easy tense to form, if you know your FUTURE TENSE:
- Start with the FUTURE TENSE stem
- Add IMPARFAIT endings to the FUTURE stem: -AIS, -AIS, -AIT, -IONS, -IEZ, -AIENT
- The same irregular stems as irregular stems in FUTURE TENSE!!
IF CLAUSES
These can be confusing!! You have to pay close attention to the tenses used!
Remember, the tenses are almost always the same as in English!!
les_clauses_de.pptx
les_clauses_de_si_practice.pptx
pratique_si_clauses.pptx
You can also look over this PowerPoint to help you practice IF clauses,
and also to practice your conjugation of the FIVE tenses we now know:
Le Présent, Le Passé Composé, L'Imparfait, Le Futur & Le Conditionnel
8_tenses.pptx
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Direct & Indirect Object Pronouns
(DOPs & IOPs) can be very confusing.
They are extremely common - check the following PowerPoints to see how to deal with them:
direct___indirect_object_pronouns.ppt
dops___iops.practicepptx.pptx
dops_iops___y.pdf
pratique_dops_iops_y___en.pptx
Qui est-ce que/qui est-ce qui/ qu'est-ce qui/qu'est-ce que
This can be tricky! Pay close attention to details and whether or not the verb has a new subject or not:
qui_qu’est-ce_que_quoi.ppt
qui_qu’est-ce_que_quoi.ppt
qui_vs.queppt.ppt
fr2_ch8_ce_qui_etc.pptx
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C'EST vs. IL EST
The differences between when to use C'est... and Il est... :
c’est_vs_il_est.pptx
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Relative Pronouns: QUI & QUE
qui_vs.que_part_1pptx.pptx
Relative Pronouns CE QUI & CE QUE
ce_qui_vs.ce_que.pptx
__________________________________________________________
We have already learned about DOPs and IOPs,before you look at uses of Y and EN
here is a quick review:
direct___indirect_object_pronouns.ppt
dops___iops.practicepptx.pptx
pratique_dops_iops_y___en.pptx
Prepositions used with Countries, Places & Proper Nouns:
les_prépositions_et_les_pays.pptx
Command forms (especially with DOPs & IOPs, Y & EN):
les_prépositions_et_les_pays.pptx
Other practice:
conjuguemos.com/grammar/150
conjuguemos.com/grammar/151
conjuguemos.com/grammar/152
REFLEXIVE VERBS:
We have already looked at REFLEXIVE VERBS in daily routine, now we will study them more closely:
les_verbes_pronominaux.pptx
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ADJECTIVES:
We have to look at ADJECTIVES, their position in the sentence and their change of meaning dependent on whether they go BEFORE or AFTER the noun:
les_adjectifs_irréguliers.ppt
adjectives___position.pptx
ADVERBS:
We must also look at how to form ADVERBS:
les_adverbes.ppt
Once we understand how to form Adjectives & Adverbs, we can now start looking at
COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS:
les_comparaisons.ppt
la_comparaison_des_adjectifs.ppt
les_comparaisons_-pratique-.pptx
la_comparaison_des_adverbes.pptx
mieux_vs_meilleur.pptx
le_superlatif_des_adverbes.pptx
Go to these websites to practice:
conjuguemos.com/grammar/143
conjuguemos.com/grammar/144
conjuguemos.com/grammar/145
conjuguemos.com/grammar/146
conjuguemos.com/grammar/147
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NEGATIVES:
Negatives: A world beyond NE...PAS...
basics_negatives.pptx
la_négation_des_articles_indéfinis.pptx
les_mots_négatifs.ppt
les_négatifs.pptx
nÉgation.docx
reponses_negation.docx
Present Participles:
participe_présent.pptx
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LE SUBJONCTIF:
The BIG thing here is the SUBJUNCTIVE!!
These are whole new conjugations of verbs and are used in specific circumstances,
usually in doubtful, hypothetical or unlikely situations:
FORMATION, CONJUGATION & PRACTICE of PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE:
As always, go to www.conjuguemos.com
conjuguemos.com/verb/17
FORMATION & USES of PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE:
les_formes_irrégulières_du_présent_du_subjonctif.pptx
fr3ch1_3_le_subjonctif.ppt
le_subjonctif_-_weirdo.pptx
le_subjonctif__expliqué_en_français_.pptx
le_subjonctif_oui_ou_non.pptx
fr3ch1_3_subjonctif_explication__2_.doc
le_subjonctif.pptx
le_subjonctif.pdf
fr4h_practice_subj__2_.docx
more_subjunctive.pptx
SAVOIR vs. CONNAÎTRE
BOTH of these verbs mean "TO KNOW" !!
SAVOIR means to know (facts and/or how to do something)
Exemple:
Je sais que vous êtes intelligents = I know y'all are smart
Est-ce que tu sais danser le tango? = do you know how to dance the tango?
CONNAÎTRE means to know (in the sense of being familiar with people, places and/ or artistic works)
Exemple:
Tu es allé à Paris, oui? Est-ce que tu connais le cinquième arrondissement?
= You've been to Paris, right? Are you familiar with the 5th arrondissement?
Vous connaissez les œuvres de l'artiste impressionniste Claude Monet?
= Are y'all familiar with the works of the Impressionist artist Claude Monet?
Mes parents connaissent tes cousins de Madrid
= My parents know/are familiar with your cousins from Madrid
SAVOIR vs. CONNAÎTRE
savoir___et___connaÎtre.pptx
pratique_savoir_ou_connaÎtre.docx
Practice:
conjuguemos.com/grammar/185
conjuguemos.com/grammar/186
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MORE SUBJUNCTIVE:
- use the SUBJUNCTIVE correctly in the following 5 situations:
1. After verbs/expressions of wishing, wanting, desiring, preference, obligation and necessity
2. After verbs / expressions of EMOTION
3. After verbs / expressions of DOUBT and DENIAL
4. After IMPERSONAL expressions
5. After verbs CROIRE and PENSER used in QUESTIONS or NEGATIVELY
GRAMMAR:
FORMATION, CONJUGATION & PRACTICE of PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE:
As always, go to www.conjuguemos.com
conjuguemos.com/verb/17
FORMATION & USES of PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE:
les_formes_irrégulières_du_présent_du_subjonctif.pptx
fr3ch1_3_le_subjonctif.ppt
le_subjonctif_-_weirdo.pptx
le_subjonctif__expliqué_en_français_.pptx
le_subjonctif_oui_ou_non.pptx
fr3ch1_3_subjonctif_explication__2_.doc
le_subjonctif.pptx
le_subjonctif.pdf
fr4h_practice_subj__2_.docx
more_subjunctive.pptx
STUDY GUIDE:
2. GRAMMAR
Unité 2B: DOPs & IOPs direct___indirect_object_pronouns.ppt
The differences between C'EST vs. IL EST c’est_vs_il_est.pptx
Unité 2C: Relative Pronouns QUI & QUE qui_vs.que_part_1pptx.pptx
Relative Pronouns CE QUI & CE QUE ce_qui_vs.ce_que.pptx
Unité 3A: DOPs & IOPs, Y & EN direct___indirect_object_pronouns.ppt
dops___iops.practicepptx.pptx
pratique_dops_iops_y___en.pptx
Prepositions used with Countries, Places & Proper Nouns: les_prépositions_et_les_pays.pptx
Command forms (especially with DOPs & IOPs, Y & EN): l’impératif_____command_forms___4_.pptx
Unité 3B: REFLEXIVE VERBS: les_verbes_pronominaux.pptx
Unité 3C: ADJECTIVES: les_adjectifs_irréguliers.ppt
adjectives___position.pptx
ADVERBS: les_adverbes.ppt
COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS: les_comparaisons.ppt
la_comparaison_des_adjectifs.ppt
les_comparaisons_-pratique-.pptx
la_comparaison_des_adverbes.pptx
mieux_vs_meilleur.pptx
le_superlatif_des_adverbes.pptx
Unité 4A: Negatives: basics_negatives.pptx
la_négation_des_articles_indéfinis.pptx
les_mots_négatifs.ppt
les_négatifs.pptx
nÉgation.docx
reponses_negation.docx
Present Participles: participe_présent.pptx
Unité 4B: PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE conjuguemos.com/verb/17
les_formes_irrégulières_du_présent_du_subjonctif.pptx
fr3ch1_3_le_subjonctif.ppt
le_subjonctif_-_weirdo.pptx
le_subjonctif__expliqué_en_français_.pptx
le_subjonctif_oui_ou_non.pptx
fr3ch1_3_subjonctif_explication__2_.doc
le_subjonctif.pptx
le_subjonctif.pdf
fr4h_practice_subj__2_.docx
more_subjunctive.pptx
SAVOIR vs. CONNAÎTRE savoir___et___connaÎtre.pptx
pratique_savoir_ou_connaÎtre.docx
unité 4C: FORMATION & USES of PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE:
les_formes_irrégulières_du_présent_du_subjonctif.pptx
fr3ch1_3_le_subjonctif.ppt
le_subjonctif_-_weirdo.pptx
le_subjonctif__expliqué_en_français_.pptx
le_subjonctif_oui_ou_non.pptx
fr3ch1_3_subjonctif_explication__2_.doc
le_subjonctif.pptx
le_subjonctif.pdf
fr4h_practice_subj__2_.docx
more_subjunctive.pptx
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